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Health Risks Of Obesity

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What is Obesity

In an adult the diagnosis of obesity is most commonly made using BMI levels. These provide a measure to be viewed in parallel with the health risks of obesity. BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms (kg) divided by height in metres squared (m2). Ideal BMI is 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2. The following classification is advised by NICE:

  • A BMI of 25-29.9 kg/m2 is overweight.
  • A BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2 is obese (Grade I).
  • A BMI of 35-39.9 kg/m2 is obese (Grade II).
  • A BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 is obese (Grade III) or morbidly obese, meaning that weight is a real and imminent threat to health.

Waist circumference in men:

  • <94 cm is defined as low risk.
  • 94 to 102 cm is defined as high risk.
  • >102 cm is defined as very high risk.

Waist circumference in women:

  • <80 cm is defined as low risk.
  • 80 to 88 cm is defined as high risk.
  • >88cm is defined as high risk.

Waist circumference is used in combination with BMI to assess your health risk of obesity       [tweetthis]Waist circumference is used in combination with #BMI to assess #health risk of #obesity[/tweetthis]

Obesity and Genetics

Obesity is the result of a complex pathophysiological pathway involving many factors that control adipose tissue metabolism. Cytokines, free fatty acids and insulin all play a part and genetic defects are likely to have a significant effect on the fine balance of this process. Nam H, Ferguson BS, Stephens JM, et al; Impact of obesity on IL-12 family gene expression  in insulin responsive tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2013 Jan;1832(1):11-9. 

Obesity and Health

Obesity and Health

KRS2 is one gene that has recently been identified as being implicated in obesity and metabolic rate. DNA sequencing in over 2,000 obese individuals identified multiple mutations of the KRS2 gene, and mutation carriers exhibited severe insulin resistance and a reduced metabolic rate. It may be that modulation of KSR2-mediated effects may have the potential to have therapeutic implications for obesity.
Pearce LR, Atanassova N, Banton MC, et al; KSR2 mutations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired cellular fuel oxidation. Cell. 2013 Nov 7;155(4):765-77.

Find Out More…

Living with morbid obesity means living at risk for serious health conditions for both men and women combined where applicable. For example, the health risks of obesity are – in terms of the following diseases:-

Type 2 Diabetes
Hypertension
Myocardial Infarction
Colon Cancer
Angina Pectoris
Gall Bladder Disease
Ovarian cancer
Osteoarthritis
Stroke

Obesity and Health

Obesity increases the risk of breast cancer. It also increases the risk of carcinoma of the endometrium. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS is usually associated with obesity, as is stress incontinence. Obesity impairs fertility in males and females. Obesity increases the risk of fatty liver, along with other features of the metabolic syndrome. Obesity is an important risk factor in the development of chronic respiratory disorders such as COPD, asthma, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, obstructive sleep apnoea. If the person develops a surgical condition, diagnosis is more difficult and almost every postoperative complication is more frequent, including deep vein thrombosis DVT chest infection and wound dehiscence. Not only is osteoarthritis  more common but treatments such as total hip replacements are more likely to be problematical in obesity.

Dietitian vs Nutritionist

What is the difference? Dietitian vs Nutritionist

There’s a lot of confusion about dieticians and nutritionists and coaching so, firstly, knowing what you want to achieve from changing your diet and lifestyle habits is important. Secondly, if you’re unsure about what services are offered – ask us. We won’t bite, promise! What’s a naturopath and an osteopath and HOW can we help you know about use nutrition to feel better?

Nutritionists:

  • Nutritionists typically work for public bodies or for the government as opposed to seeing individuals on a one to one basis. They generally advise organisations on matters of health and nutrition and formulate information for the public or for their employer.
  • ‘Nutritionist’ is not protected by law in the UK. This means that anyone is able to assume the title in a professional capacity, even if they do not possess adequate training and experience.
  • However, only those who are registered with the UK Voluntary Register of Nutritionists (UKVRN) (regulated by the Association for Nutrition) are able to refer to themselves as a ‘Registered Nutritionist’, or as a ‘Registered Public Health Nutritionist’.
  • Though nutritionists are not permitted to issue or alter medical prescriptions, they may recommend certain supplements
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Dietitian vs Nutritionist

Dietitians:

  • Many work principally within the NHS.
  • They are statutorily regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC). Because dietitians are regulated healthcare professionals, they are qualified to treat certain medical conditions.
  • Must be trained to University degree level or above.
  • The British Dietetic Association is the single professional body for dietitians and is responsible for the design of the curriculum.
  • Typically a dietitian vs nutritionist will advise people with special dietary needs such as those with kidney disease diabetes or cancer.

Susannah believes that taking ownership of your health begins with your first step to making an informed decision. Your health journey may or may not require you to understand options available to you, for example, dietitian vs nutritionist is a question you may need to ask. If you are not sure who the right specialist is to guide you safely through your health journey, you should feel comfortable to make enquiries first and understand that the process demands their to be a good fit between yourself and your specialist. Otherwise, it is making it hard work for you to achieve the desirable results you have in mind or to understand fully whether or not these expectations are realistic.


Safe, clinical, practical and effective.


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